The African American Struggle for Civil Rights in the 1960s

In what ways, and for what reasons, did the African American struggle for civil rights in the United States change between the early and late 1960s? The civil rights movement was an influential movement that has been taking place in America for many years. Victories during this time helped to raise hope for African Americans during this influential movement. In the beginning of the movement there was a focus on nonviolence, and the non-violent techniques began to pay off in the early 1960s. As the time progressed the struggle for African Americans during the civil rights in the United States. Towards the ending of the period hope was lost when major civil rights activists were assassinated. In the early 1960s non-violent techniques began to pay off with sit-ins, marches and other forms of protest. For example, on May 4th, 1961, 13 young activists traveled through the south known as the freedom rides. This was nonviolent, and this was effective. Also, four African American students in North Carolina started a Sit-In in a segregated Woolworths lunch counter. The students were not served and workers refused to serves them. The stud ents stayed at the counter because they were allowed to stay there, but were refused service. Many others in the south protested in similar ways, and 6 months later they were finally served in the diner. These non-violent sit-in were effective during this period. Nonviolence became less effective and groups like the Black Panther Party cameShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement During The 1960 S1224 Words   |  5 Pageseffects on the people of the US.   During the 1960’s there were a lot of changes and one of these major changes was know as The Civil Rights Movement.   The civil rights movement was a movement created by African Americans to achieve rights equal to white people and have equal opportunity in housing, employment, education, the right to vote, and to not be segregated.   This movement had many important leaders that helped get rights for African Americans.   The book â€Å"Tambourines To Glory† is based onRead MoreEssay about Frq Analysis1138 Words   |  5 PagesRuhani Malik Period 4 1960’s HW FRQ Questions Due by April 26-27, 2012 Be sure to provide a strong and specific thesis statement with a nice introduction to your essay. Also be sure to provide names, dates, book titles, court cases, statistics and any and all other relevant facts you can think of to support your answer. Staple this sheet to the front of your essay and be sure to follow the formatting rules discussed for previous FRQ’s. 1. With respect to THREE of the following,Read MoreEssay on Waiting Til the Midnight Hour1733 Words   |  7 Pages3345: Sociology of the 1960’s Five Page Book Review: Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour by Peniel Joseph February 28, 2013 Waiting ‘Til the Midnight Hour by Peniel Joseph Within the eleven chapters that comprise Waiting Til the Midnight Hour lays a treasure chest of information for anyone interested in Black or African American history, particularly the civil rights movement that took place during the 1950’s and 1960’s. I am a self-professed scholar of African American history and I found anRead MoreImpact Of The Civil Rights Movement1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 1960s, the United States was on the verge of a major social change. Racism was at the core of the civil rights movement, and its effects that led to systematic discrimination experienced by blacks in work, housing and the education system. Black Americans are Americans, but they had subsisted as second class citizens in the only land they knew. The civil rights movement was a political, legal, and social struggle so that African Americans in the United States could become full citizens. ThisRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And The Movement Of The 1960s1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe  civil  rights  movement  was a well known  movement in which  the blacks are entitled to reach Civil Rights and are treated the same in all primary rights for U.S citizenship like possibility of employment, housing, education and right to vote. However, the beginnings of the  movement  go back to the 19th century, but it raised in the 1950s and 1960s. African American people, with accompany of particular numbers of whites, planned and led the  movement at national and local levels. They followed theirRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of The United States1668 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil rights movement in the USA in the 1950’s and 1960’s.can be termed as a democratic movement. The basic reason behind this was the discrimination of the African-Americans that were enslaved and did not have citizen rights. The African-Americans protested greatly against their injustice. The birth of the civil rights movement was before the 1954 Supreme Cou rt’s decision on Brown versus Board of Education (Topeka) which stated that separate but equal schools was against the Constitution. FromRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Civil Rights Movement1623 Words   |  7 Pages African Americans were brought to America during the colonial days by Britain, before the civil war, as slaves. They were the foundation of slave economy, being auctioned off and sold, with no thought given to their opinions, families, or lives. Throughout American history, African Americans have slowly fought their way towards where they are today. Their fight has developed into the Civil Rights Movement in the 1900s. Many historians would agree that the start of the Civil Rights Movement happenedRead MoreSocial Injustice During The Film Selma, Directed By Ava Duvernay1642 Words   |  7 Pagesdirected by Ava DuVernay showcases a lot of social injustice during the 1960 s. The portion of the film that I focused on in Selma was the migration scene, which is about seventy minutes into the movie. Within the migration scene from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, several cinematic devices play a pivotal role in understanding why white supremacist attacked black people during the 1960 s. The scene showcases a group of African Americans that band together from the city of Selma and wants to march in aRead MoreThe Song Glory, By Music Artists Common And John Legend1653 Words   |  7 PagesOscar nominated movie Selma. The movie Selma was an incredible experience that showcased the African American history and in particular the turbulent 1960s era in which Dr. Martin Luther King Jr(MLK) was leading the civil rights movement. The song Glory itself won the oscar for the best song in a motion picture and truly was an important part of the movie because not only did it chronicle the civil rights marches of 1965 led by MLK but it also incorporated events that occurred in the 21st centuryRead MoreReasons For The Civil Rights Movement1436 Words   |  6 PagesWhen did the Civil Rights Movement begin in earnest in Buffalo? The Civil Rights Movement In Buffalo was weak and many people were quiet and conservative. It was less a Movement than a group of scattered individuals, primarily black and Jewish. This Civil Rights Movement happened in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. Some people believed that this movement began in Western New York. African Americans faced many social problems during this time period, which demonstrated the significance of organizing

Labor Is Not A Simple Construct - 2398 Words

Essay #3: Labor is not a simple construct. It is made up of a multitude of people with unique background and traits. While these people worked hard, it was not always easy to be treated justly. Many important events arose along labor’s growth in the United States encompassing identifiers such as race, class and gender. These different areas are an integral part of labor and will continue to be. Most of these identities overlap at certain points but it is worth mentioning them separately as each individual aspect of labor contributed a substantial amount to further the progress of labor within the United States even through the most difficult times. Gender, Race, and Class have played an important part in shaping U.S Labor history. One of†¦show more content†¦This in turn led the company to exploit their women workers by instituting speedups and a 20% paycut. Led by Sarah Bagley in 1845, 70 female workers walked out of the factory and demanded to the MA legislature for a 10-hour work day. While this ultimately failed and led to the company hiring more immigrant laborers that were willing to take the pay cut, it opened the door for women to fight for their rights at their workplaces. In 1860, women once again played an important role in labor. The Lynn Strike of 1860 would not have been as effective if it were not for women. Women helped form the â€Å"social networks that made the demonstrations even possible.† They also held their own female-only rallies that carried signs that demanded they not be treated like slaves and if they are given fair compensation then they would be more than happy to return to work. Women would ultimately abandon the strike resulting in its failure. During the Progre ssive Era, women like Jane Addams and Ida B. Wells were activists for the people, including labor, by the former setting up settlement housing and the latter writing pamphlets on lynching that would shock the world. Women emerge again in full force during WWII. Before WWII, 15.9 million women were employed and during the peak of the war 19.5 million women contributed to the war effort back home. After the

Management and Planning Free Essays

Tyco Company is a multinational group of companies that are destined to providing manufacturing services based on telecommunications as well as electronics.   It also provides services on security and healthcare.   The corporation of Tyco Electronics has experienced quite a rapid growth for the past few years, and it is today ranked as the world’s largest manufacturer of components. We will write a custom essay sample on Management and Planning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Management planning is a broad concept that ideally entails definition of the process of engaging all the resources and stakeholders of a particular business enterprise in order to accomplish the set goals of the business, which include success and long-term prosperity.   Planning is very crucial to management because having a plan on how all the business resources are managed is the first step to success of the business. Tyco Company has exercised a very high degree of planning for its management.   Planning has enabled the company to wisely and economically manage its process assets.   These assets include the stipulated standards as well as policies that govern the Tyco Company.   These process assets that have been well managed through proper planning within the Tyco Company are risk categories, whereby risk management planning has been emphasized roles as well as responsibilities of each member of the company that is the workforce, the management team and the stakeholders, and finally processes of decision making within the company. Tyco Company has also been able to plan for managing the company’s environmental factors.   These factors disclose tolerance that whole company organization and the stakeholders’ experience.   Understanding of these factors have enabled the whole Tyco Company organization and the stakeholders to be satisfied with decisions that reward the level as well as the density of risk management that is applied in the company.   Budgeting is also very important in any organization.   Therefore planning on how to manage budgeting has been a key issue in Tyco Company and this has contributed to even distribution of resources within the different branches of the company organizations.   Planning has also ensured that such overlooked issues in many companies such as risk management are considered and budgeted for. Time is always a constraint and time management is a very important aspect that should be stressed on by every organization that seeks to succeed.   Tyco Company has a well plan for time management, something that has ensured coherence among the various companies’ departments (Drucker,Harper Row,1954).Planning for time management has also helped Tyco Company in fast manufacture, and supply of its products such electronics in time and as well, time service provision. This has highly boosted the company’s credibility and reliability, while at the same time rising to the higher levels of success. There are legal issues that arise within the Tyco Company. The fact that Tyco Company is a multinational Company means that it has several business operations in different states of countries. Each country is bound to have a different scale for tax payment.  Ã‚   In some countries, therefore, Tyco Company meets a lot of expenses through tax payment and this affects planning for budgeting management.   Planning is hence affected on the basis of budgeting due to this legal issue. Ethics deals with good relations towards others or the moral standards that are expected in the society.   Tyco Company has been able to maintain high ethical practices by understanding that, ethics as far as a business is concerned, begins right from the top.   The top managers in the Tyco Company therefore have been able to observe high critical standards hence setting a good example for the employees at the lower level to emulate.   This has enhanced management planning through establishment of a strong relationship and trust among the company’s staff, and the entire society. Drucker, Harper Row, 1954). The company also exercised quite high social responsibility standards. It identifies and work s towards mentioning its customers through establishing good employee customer relations.   This has affected the management planning for Tyco Company since the company’s reliability is heightened and the customers are assures for the companies time management. Tyco Company has also laid down strategic contingency, operational as well as tactical plans.   Strategic planning is a process though which a company’s goal that are long term are determined at also involves identification of the most appropriate approach though which these goals can be achieved. Contingency planning involves putting into place long-term measures that are aimed at responding to any unlikely disaster that is bound to occur.   It involves planning for the unexpected. Operational planning involves all the activities that are short term and are geared to operating together towards success of the company while tactical planning involves planning for immediate future. All these plans are influence by various factors in any company.   In Tyco Company, lack of adequate resources such as funds and time has entirely affected perfect strategic, contingence, operational and tactical planning.   Most of the funds and available time is committed to expanding the business networks and technology as well as providing in service training to the companies workforce. (Thompson Sheldon, 2003). Lack of qualified personnel who can deliver reliable plans has been another factor that has influenced the company’s strategic, tactical, operational and contingency planning.   This has led to increased chances of for instance, future risks since there are no firm laid grounds for risk management plans.   Unqualified personnel have also led to a problem of not documenting all the research and activities that the plans establish. This planning is also influenced by credibility which is created by representative participation, clear documentation as well as adhering to the rules of achieving the complete process. References. Drucker P. F. Harper Row. (1954).The Practice of Management. How to cite Management and Planning, Essay examples

Interventions to Improve Cultural Competency †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Interventions to Improve Cultural Competency. Answer: Introduction The aim of this assignment is to point out the factors that influence the type of care provided to the aboriginal individuals. The paper also aims to cover the strategies that would improve the care to the patient coming from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. Global immigration has augmented with times. According to Renzahoet al. (2013), immigration in the past decade has increased from 150 million migrants to 214 million immigrants during the tenure of 2000 to 2010. Such immigration has affected mainly the public sectors like health care since the culture and the ethnicity of the clients and workforce are becoming multifactorious (Markey et al. 2012). This demographical change has its own problems. High differences in the public health status are posing effects on the cultural minority groups negatively and primarily ethnic group (Betancourt et al. 2016). In a multicultural setting, successful delivery of health care is hampered numerous factors, for example, non-verbal commu nication and language gap between care givers and patient, lack of awareness or respect of cultural traditions and institutional as well interpersonal stereotyping and prejudice (Degniet al. 2012). Accordingly, numerous health-care models have been projected for shifting from paternalistic type of health-care system to a self-care approach and involving the patient in the decision making process. Some of the models in this context are the patient-centered care (PCC) models and cultural competence models (CC) (Renzahoet al. 2013). Cultural competence may be considered as the act of being respectful and responsive towards the health care beliefs of a culturally diverse population groups. (Renzaho et al 2013; Barksdale 2009). According to Renzahoet al. (2013), lack of awareness in the domain of cultural differences and lack of knowledge among patients, belonging to culturally different background, bring about adverse health outcomes. These include compromised patientcare giver relation ships and health belief, behaviors and practices of patients. Hence it becomes difficult for both caregivers and patients to achieve the comprehensive health outcome care (Betancourt et al. 2016). The following paragraphs aims to discuss the factors that influence the care provided to the patients belonging to diversified cultural background. In doing this the essay will begin via throwing a brief light on significance of cultural competence in nursing and midwifery practice. Upon discussing the same, the essay will critically discuss the opportunities, barriers and challenges in implementing cultural competence in healthcare. The essay also plans to explore, personal, professional organizational and societal factors that influence the cultural competence care while highlighting the important approaches that can be adopted for improving the cultural competence in health care field. National Center for cultural competence (CC) in the USA has recommended a framework for cultural competence highlighting its requirements of health-care systems. According to Renzahoet al. (2013), CC helps in dodging cultural obstacles between health-care provider and the healthcare consumers and thereby improving the quality of healthcare with patient centered approach. Cultural competence also vouches for effective development of effective communication. It also helps in the growth of the clinical capabilities among the healthcare professionals. This helps in the promotion of the cross-cultural communication among the nurses and midwifery professionals (Douglas et al. 2014). According to Douglas et al. (2014), a nurse uses its cross-cultural communication skills for identifying the values, beliefs, traditions and the unique health care needs of the client and thereby helping to frame person-centered care. Moreover, Betancourt et al. (2016) further highlighted the consequence of cul turally competent nursing care in the domain of hospital setup. Betancourt et al. (2016) is of the opinion that the hospitalized patients and their family members are subjected to numerous stresses. The scenario is extremely evident in critical care, palliative care and emergency unit of the hospital as here the patients suffer from life-threatening situations. Under these circumstances, culturally competent care is strikingly evident. In addition, Betancourt et al. (2016) stated that the absence of cultural awareness and failure to convey culturally proficient care could augment the anxiety level of seriously ill patents and thereby resulting in derisory care or adverse health outcomes. In the domain of providing care to the Muslim-American, Ezenkwele and Roodsari (2013) highlighted important cultural factors that manipulate the delivery of care in the emergency unit. These factors include modesty, role of gender the concept of will of god, the role of the family members, structure of the family, prohibition towards extramarital and premarital sex, special dietary codes, religious cleanliness and praying. Thus, practicing in a culturally competent manner will help to generate cultural awareness among the nurses and thereby helping them to deliver optimal care to the minority population. However, it is imperative to take into consideration the heterogeneity and diversity of the minority inhabitants while employing culturally competent care on an individual basis (Ezenkwele and Roodsari 2013). According to Betancourt et al. (2014) people who belong under the ethnic minority are more susceptible towards developing communicable disease or chronic condition. Patients who are suffering from chronic conditions demand more person-oriented health services and hence increasing their amount of interaction with the healthcare system. If the nursing or other healthcare professionals are not working together to deliver culturally competent care, the patients who are suffering from chronic conditions are more likely to become victim of negative health consequences. This results in complete dissatisfaction in care. For instance, African-American population are reported to undertaking less partnership with the healthcare professionals, less participation in medical decision-making a nd lower level of satisfaction under the care plan (Betancourt et al. 2014). Furthermore, reports published by Betancourt et al. (2014) highlighted that Asian Americans, Latinos and African-Americans are more likely to generate nurture a thought that they could have enjoyed a better care support had been of a different race or ethnicity. Nevertheless, according to Barksdale (2009), there is a major problem that, there is not adequate provides in the health care domain to procure culturally competent care to the ethnic minority group and thus creating controversy towards culturally competent care. Dauvrin and Lorant (2015) have recommended that culturally competent care model can be implemented among the healthcare professionals via strong leadership characteristics. Because,proper leadership models affect the social relationships, and this helps in implementing and developing care (Dauvrin and Lorant 2015). Approaches that focus on expand in knowledge about numerous groups, especially through a list of common health behaviors and beliefs and principal dos and donts provide the main starting point for the healthcare professionals to know more about the nature of health practices of a particular ethnic group (Truong et al. 2014). This approach leads to the generation of stereotypes and may ignore the variation that exists within the groups. To illustrate, Barksdale (2009) highlighted that the African Americans are taught never to disclose their personal or health related matters or their weak points to the white people and this create a societal challenge in procuring culturally competent care. Correspondingly, personal challenges, which are highlighted by Barksdale et al. (2009) under the domain of culturally competent care, include fear or unwillingness to learn new culturally competent care model and to provide a new approach and bias approach of providers, as they are unmotivated towa rds providing culturally competent care. Likewise, In the domain of organizational challenges, there occurs certain sort of miscommunication between the administrative authority and patient family members towards providing competent care (Barksdale et al. 2009). Here comes the importance of the opportunity of cultural competence as it allows generating an approach that is capable to addressing the cultural needs of diverse ethnic communities. For example, skills such as effective communication and procedure to recording medical history can be applied to a wide variety of clientele and thereby enabling them to participate within the decision-making process (Truong et al. 2014). According to Markey et al. (2012), in Ireland, there is no necessity for addressing the lack of cultural awareness that results out of unintended prejudices, which occurs as insensitivity and unawareness. It stems in socialized behaviors and attitudes enacted through systemic practice. Learned behavior and rooted morals should be challenged for addressing the stereotyping and unwitting prejudices. Noticeably, the study conducted by Suk et al. (2018) showed that the culturally competent care model is also crucial for the visiting nurses. In their study conducted in Korea, it showed that the culturally competent care approach is deficient among the visiting nurses. Since Korea nurture multicultural population, more qualified and culturally competent nurse is crucial for procuring effective care. They recommended regular organized instruction on culturally sensitive care that would be supportive for the visiting nurses for procuring culturally sensitive nursing care (Suk et al. 2018). On the contrary, there is constant refutation inside Irish healthcare setting for acknowledging the insensitive practices as racist. Markey et al. (2012) suggested that defiance of racist practice is a worldwide issue, and this is the major challenge in the domain of comprehensive implementation of cultural competence in healthcare. Racing in nursing is however, denied or avoided as nursing is euphemized as debated construct that conceptualize nurses as caring professionals. Nonetheless, under the Irish context, fighting against denial of racism is difficult because the Irish population mostly feels boastful about themselves for having a welcoming culture, which might curb the acknowledgement and confrontation of racism (Markey et al. 2012). Irish political and social debates have been unenthusiastic for employing the term racism for describing the fanaticism and prejudices experienced by the ethnic minorities in Ireland and this impose a challenge towards culturally competent nursin g care. Additionally, Irish population has a fascination towards the term xenophobia or fear form the strangers in order to describe the minority class and their intolerance and prejudice. Markey et al. (2012) have further opined that this tendency of the Irish population towards describing the term racism in a new way is actually protecting the concept of discrimination and thus creating challenge to focus on culturally competent care. Factors influencing culturally competent care Personal factors are the attributes that contributes to the cultural competence among the individual nurses. (Arieliet al. 2012). Firstly,ethnocentricityis one of the main factor which influence the cultural competent care. Ethnocentricity among the health care professionals can be defined as the belief of his/ her own culture and ethnic group being superior and the other cultures are just reference to them (Oelkeet al. 2013). This concept had been found to be responsible for patient alienation, misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment. According to Renzahoet al. (2013) there had been a strong inverse relationship between cultural competence and ethnocentricity. In order to overcome the ethnocentrism, it is necessary to have an open mind, engage himself in society- integrated activities and absorb new information from different cultures. Secondly, Cultural awareness: People of different cultures have different health beliefs, practices and values. One of the cultural issues that can arise in the nurses involves religious beliefs and faith (Galanti 2014). Certain religious groups may refuse prescribed medications and depend more on bush medicines. Cultural awareness also helps the nurses to give treatment regardless of the gender differences, although the nurses have to remain aware of the gender differences as different cultures have different needs (Loftin et al. 2013). Cultural awareness in nursing can be increased by building up the cultural knowledge, encouraging discussions and by celebrating the diversity. Thirdly,assessment of the cultural heritage is important to give a patient centered care. It provides the nurses an in-depth knowledge of the patients belief about diseases and sicknesses (Kirmayer 2012). A nurse trying to preserve her own cultural heritage may be unsuccessful in delivering care to a patient of complete different cultures. The study of the cultural heritage helps the nurses to study the patient as a whole, how the family clings to their cultural beliefs, and the extent of their superstitions. To exemplify, in a certain tribe, the woman in the post-partum period is provided with roots and herbs for the contraction of the uterus for delivering the baby. Similarly, many tribes believed in the effectiveness of the complementary therapies like acupuncture and aromatherapies (Kirmayer 2012). Moreover, Nurses having an understanding of the cultures can prepare treatment plans using their traditional methods. The nurses can preserve cultural heritage by acts such as sharing of different cultural information and tradition for better understanding. Besides nurses should be committed to the patients irrespective of their race, ethnicity, cultural beliefs, traditions and gender differences (Galanti 2014). This can be achieved by practicing different course of ethics, self-reflective practices and clinical reasoning. Finally, Courage is one of the fundamental values of the nurses and the midwives in giving a culturally competent care. Courage is important in nursing practice for safeguarding the people who are vulnerable or raising concerns about the concerns of care such as those with mental health problems, women, children, LGBTQ community (Peiyinget al. 2012). To exemplify, people with psychotic disorders are often stigmatized in the society and the health care professionals often have to become the victims of violence, still their focus always remains to provide a comprehensive and rational care to the patients (Oelkeet al. 2013). Loftin et al. (2013) have argued for the requirement to foster courage in nurses such that the nurses are ready for making any change. The LGBTQ community has always been the victim of social stigma and shame. Hence, nurses should be courageous enough to move beyond the society and provide them care (Fredriksen-Goldsen et al. 2013). Personal risk-taking practices ca n help out the nurses to develop the sense of courage among the nurses. Education:The nurse educators face several challenges in teaching cultural competence in nursing. A nurse without a proper education would not develop the sense of cultural sensitivity or awareness towards other ethnic groups. This thought would jeopardize the care provided to the patients. Education helps a nurse to avoid all the cultural and the gender differences. It provides them with the ethics of beneficence, maleficence and to understand that, it is the patient that come above all interests.Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sound educational foundation regarding the diverse ethnic and the cultural groups(Delgado et al. 2013). Professional regulatory bodies:The Nursing and the midwifery board of Ireland is the regulatory body for the nurses for setting out standards for the education and the professional conduct of the nurses. The codes of conduct published by this organization contain the instructions that ever nurse should withheld in order to enhance the professional career in nursing and to gather skills of cultural safety practices. It is of no doubt that autonomy and accountability is the main ingredient of nursing (Zamanzadehet al. 2013). The different organizational factors that affect the nursing are the workload. Excess workload in nursing can bring burn out and fatigue among the nurses. Secondly, in an organization the professional nurses should be in a position to perceive all the resources to meet the work demands. Proper distribution of the workloads, financial management of the hospital resources and motivation from the managers can help the nurses to cope up with the organizational factors (Barksdale et al. 2009). Leadership:Health care delivery often requires a multidisciplinary care approach where the patient safety depends on each members of the team. For the nurse, being culturally competent is not sufficient. The nurses need to use their own expertise in order to provide a culturally competent care (Delgado et al. 2013). Leadership in the nurses can be based upon positive norms and negative norms. Positive norms in the nurses helps to integrate the concept of cultural competence into their daily practice, whereas the negative norms help the nurses to provide develop a negative perception of intercultural care. A leader nurse fostered with the concept of cultural competence can describe the cultural competence among the health care leaders and the staffs (Galanti 2014). Mission, vision and values:The values of the nurses help them to deliver culturally competent care. A nurse is imbibed with the knowledge of cultural care if the patient treats others with dignity by recognizing and valuing diversity. Delgado et al.(2013) have stated that it is the core values of nursing that helps the nurses to take decisions while caring for the patients with diverse cultural background. The mission of encouraging others to contribute to their full potential for providing support and training to the nurses provides the base for the cultural competency (Galanti 2014). Some of the other missions include engagement in the ongoing learning activity in order to increase the professional effectiveness regarding inclusion and diversity (Harding 2013). Nowadays a nurse is an educator, manager and client advocate. Society knows that a caring nurse can provide solace and comfort to someone in need. Loftin et al. (2013) have identified four categories of patient perception about the nursing care that is supervising individual patient, explaining, responding and watching over. In most cases, the public image of nursing involves low social status, and is experts in doing domestic activities, but the perspectives of the public are changing (Flodgrenet al. 2012). They are found to be honest and ethical. They are a professional with 24x7 involvements. These changed perceptions create a pressure upon the nurses for meeting their standards. Nurses thrive more for their interpersonal development. Interventions regarding the improvement of the cultural competency involve the improvement of the accessibility and effectiveness of appropriate health care for the people from different ethical and racial minority by augmenting knowledge, awareness and the skills of the health care providers as well as altering the policies. The interventions can be taken at the patient- client level or the organizational levels. Galanti(2014) have found that culturally relevant strategies have brought about glycemic control amongst the African- American woman having type 2 diabetes. According to Kratzke and Bertolo (2013) there are some major factors, which should be focused on for example, language. Gender matched, culturally and linguistically appropriate interpretation should be provided for avoiding any miscommunication between the patient and the caregiver. There are professional interpreters that provide hand on supports and personal aids (Holland 2017). Another factor is the availability of proper insurances for the people, particularly for the vulnerable groups having low literacy level, or those living in the remote areas and cannot afford transportation needs (Hernandez and Kose 2012). Some culture supports care to be provided by the same gender as the patient. Hence, if possible the caregivers should be gender matched. Respect of modesty is another step towards providing culturally safe care. Touching of the private parts may be termed as disrespectful for a woman patient (Galanti 2014). Significantly, provision of a chaperon in the examination room is essential regardless of the gender. It is necessary to be cognizant of the traditions of a culture as they may influence pregnancy, antenatal care (Varaeiet al. 2012). It is necessary to be aware of the autonomy of the women against any religious practices. Anticipatory care and guidance, counseling and education should be provided to patient. Provision of multidisciplinary team i s required for supporting the women health, in particular, the provision of caseload midwifery during pregnancy (Hernandez and Kose 2012). Develop attitudes allied with exceptional transcultural care: By developing certain fundamental attitudes such as empathy, openness, caring and flexibility will aid to deliver culturally sensitive care Create an awareness of the impact culture has on the beliefs, values, and practices of the patient and the nurses Acquire general knowledge about patients cultures Complete cultural assessment on admission: Assess patients medical history, physical status, and activity level, as it is essential to develop personalized care plan for the patient. Perform nutrition assessment, medication assessment, pain assessment and psychosocial assessment which indeed helps the nurses to deliver patient centred care (McCalmanet al. 2017). Moreover, audit and quality improvement approaches play a crucial role in developing culturally competent care. These approaches were applied across various healthcare facilities and resulted in better-quality relationships with local peoples, improved health service availability and occurrence of hospital visits, and the improved participation of clients and their relatives in their own healthcare and eventually enhanced CC care. Besides, introducing Cultural Competency Assessment Tool for Hospitals (CCATH) is an option to evaluate hospital performance in cultural competency and recognize enhancements. Additionally, an organization can develop culturally competent care by identifying social factors, recruting aboriginal staff, making a friendly service, supporting access through transport and assimilating cultural practice (McCalmanet al. 2017). To Conclude, cultural competency is a popular approach for providing a culturally safe care to the patients. Cultural safety had always been an essential tool while dealing with patients with different cultural background and respond to them accordingly. The report has focused on the role of cultural safety in the nursing and the midwifery practice. It had also focused on the opportunities and the challenges in implementing cultural competence in health care. The essay had focused on the concepts such as racism and discrimination in nursing practice. Cultural awareness nurses help them to understand the culture, help the patients form making accommodations and may be work around with traditional treatment plans. There are several barriers in maintaining cultural safety such as the social perception and the stigma. The credit lies in abandoning all the stigma and step beyond the conventional practices. The report could also describe about the role of different personal, professional a nd organizational factors that can influence the nursing actions. Finally, the strategies like effective communication, proper governmental policies, gender-matched care can bring about and language interpretation can bring about culturally competent care in-patient. References Arieli, D., Friedman, V.J. and Hirschfeld, M.J. (2012) Challenges on the path to cultural safety in nursing education, International Nursing Review,59(2), pp.187-193, available: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.00982.x/full Barksdale, D. (2009) Provider factors affecting adherence: Cultural competency and sensitivity, Ethnicity disease,19, pp. S5-3. Betancourt, J.R., Corbett, J. and Bondaryk, M.R. (2014) Addressing disparities and achieving equity: cultural competence, ethics, and health-care transformation,Chest,145(1), pp.143-148, Available: DOI:https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.13-0634 Betancourt, J.R., Green, A.R., Carrillo, J.E. and Owusu Ananeh-Firempong, I.I. 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